Transmitter, receiver, protocol: how it fits together

A radio system has two parts. The transmitter is what you hold in your hands. The receiver sits in your model and passes your commands on to the servos and the speed controller (ESC).

Both parts have to "speak the same language". That language is called the protocol. Almost all modern systems work on 2.4 GHz, but each brand uses its own protocol: Futaba, Spektrum, Jeti and others are not compatible with each other. So when you choose a transmitter, you're also choosing which receivers you'll buy for every future model.

ExpressLRS (ELRS) is a popular open-source protocol used by brands such as RadioMaster. Receivers are small and affordable, and the range is excellent, which makes it an attractive choice if you're planning on building up a fleet of models.

Surface or air: pistol grip or stick radio?

• Cars, trucks and boats usually use a pistol-grip transmitter: a wheel for steering and a trigger for throttle and brake. Two or three channels is often enough.
• Planes, helicopters and drones use a stick transmitter with two gimbals (sticks). These have more channels, more switches and more programming options.

Most ready-to-run cars come with a suitable transmitter in the box, so your first separate transmitter purchase is usually for flying.

How many channels do you need?

Every function on your model uses one channel:

• A basic plane needs 4 channels: throttle, aileron, elevator and rudder.
• Flaps, retractable gear or lights each need an extra channel.
• Helicopters and drones need extra channels for flight modes, arming and gyro settings.

Our advice: don't buy a transmitter with just the minimum number of channels. A radio with 8 channels or more gives you room to grow, so you won't need to replace it after your second model.

Mode 1 or Mode 2?

The "mode" determines which stick controls which function.

• Mode 2: throttle and rudder on the left stick, elevator and aileron on the right. This is the most common setup worldwide.
• Mode 1: elevator and rudder on the left, throttle and aileron on the right. Some clubs and experienced pilots in Europe still fly this way.

There's no "better" mode, but switching later means relearning your reflexes. If you're going to fly at a club, ask which mode the instructors use: learning on a buddy box is a lot easier when your transmitter matches theirs. Already have the wrong mode? On many transmitters the mode can be changed; we offer a mode switch service for RadioMaster radios.

Features that make a difference

Model memory

Every model gets its own settings in the transmitter. Pick a radio that can store plenty of models, so you can simply select the right one before each session.

Telemetry

With telemetry, the receiver sends information back to the transmitter, such as battery voltage or signal strength. Your radio can then warn you before your battery runs low. Once you've used it, you won't want to fly without it. Take a look at our telemetry sensors too.

Failsafe

If the signal is lost, the failsafe puts your model in a safe position (for example, throttle to zero). Always set it up and test it before your first flight. You can find more tips in our blog Before your first flight: how to check your RC aeroplane.

Simulator connection

Many modern transmitters can be connected to your computer via USB and used as a controller in an RC flight simulator. That means you can practise with the exact transmitter you'll be flying with. Read why that's such a good idea in Why an RC Flight Simulator is Every Beginner Pilot's Best Investment.

Gimbals and ergonomics

Higher-quality gimbals give smoother, more precise control. Also pay attention to how the transmitter feels in your hands: you'll be holding it for a long time.

What should you budget?

• Entry level (under €100): fine for simple cars or a first plane, but often limited in channels and features.
• Mid-range (around €200–€350): the sweet spot for most hobbyists. Radios like the RadioMaster TX15 or GX15 offer plenty of channels, telemetry and model memory at an affordable price.
• High-end (€700 and up): transmitters from brands like Jeti and Futaba, with premium build quality, very precise gimbals and advanced telemetry. Ideal for large scale models, jets and competition flying.

Our advice in a nutshell

1. Decide whether you need a pistol grip (surface) or a stick radio (air).
2. Choose a system and protocol you want to build on for years.
3. Go for at least 8 channels, so you have room to grow.
4. Choose the same mode as your club or instructor.
5. Look for telemetry, plenty of model memory and simulator support.

Browse our complete range of transmitters, or come by the shop in Bruges to hold a few in your hands. Not sure which radio suits you? At Aerobertics, we're happy to help you choose the right system. Get in touch – we'll gladly give you advice.